List of heads of state of Romania

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This is a list of all the persons that have served as heads of state of Romania since 1859. This includes both monarchic and republican heads of state, as well as the members of the two regencies (1866 and 1927–1930).

Contents

United Principalities (1859–1881)

Non-dynastic (1859–1866)

Picture Name Born-Died Reign Notes
Alexandru Ioan Cuza 1820–1873 24 January 1859–23 February 1866 First Domnitor of the United Principalities; deposed in 1866.
Princely Lieutenancy 23 February 1866–22 May 1866 Lascăr Catargiu
gen. Nicolae Golescu
col. Nicolae Haralambie

House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1866–1881)

Picture Name Born-Died Reign Notes
Carol I 1839–1914 22 May 1866–26 March 1881 Second Domnitor of the United Principalities; became first King of the Romanians in 1881.

Kingdom of Romania (1881–1947)

House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1881–1947)

Picture Name Born-Died Reign Notes
Carol I 1839–1914 26 March 1881–10 October 1914 First King of the Romanians
Ferdinand I 1865–1927 10 October 1914–20 July 1927 Became King of Greater Romania in 1922.
Michael I 1921– 20 July 1927–8 June 1930 First reign, with Prince Nicholas, Miron Cristea, and Gheorghe Buzdugan (replaced after his death by Constantin Sărăţeanu) as Regents
Carol II 1893–1953 8 June 1930–6 September 1940 Abdicated in 1940.
Michael I 1921– 6 September 1940–30 December 1947 Second reign with Ion Antonescu as Conducător until 1944. Abdicated in 1947 under Communist pressure.

Romanian People's Republic (1947–1965)

Picture Name Born-Died Term of office Position(s)
Constantin Ion Parhon 1874–1969 30 December 1947–12 June 1952

President of the Presidium of the Republic (9 January 1948–13 April 1948),
President of the Presidium of the Great National Assembly (13 April 1948–12 June 1952)
Petru Groza 1884–1958 12 June 1952–7 January 1958 President of the Presidium of the Great National Assembly[1]
Ion Gheorghe Maurer 1902–2000 11 January 1958–21 March 1961 President of the Presidium of the Great National Assembly
Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej 1901–1965 21 March 1961–19 March 1965

President of the State Council[2]

Socialist Republic of Romania (1965–1989)

Picture Name Born-Died Term of office Position(s)
Chivu Stoica 1908–1975 24 March 1965–9 December 1967 President of the State Council
Nicolae Ceauşescu 1918–1989 9 December 1967–22 December 1989 President of the State Council (9 December 1967–28 March 1974)
President of Romania (28 March 1974–22 December 1989)

Romania (1989–Present)

No Picture Name Born-Died Term of office Position(s)
— Council of the National Salvation Front[3] 22 December 1989–26 December 1989
2 Ion Iliescu 1930– 26 December 1989[4]–6 February 1990 President of Council of the National Salvation Front
6 February 1990–20 June 1990 President of the Provisional National Unity Council
20 June 1990–11 October 1992 President of Romania
11 October 1992–29 November 1996
3 Emil Constantinescu 1939– 29 November 1996–20 December 2000 President of Romania
(2) Ion Iliescu 1930– 20 December 2000–20 December 2004 President of Romania
4 Traian Băsescu 1951– 20 December 2004–20 April 2007 Suspended in the period from 20 April 2007 until 23 May 2007.
— Nicolae Văcăroiu 1943– 20 April 2007–23 May 2007 ad interim President of Romania as President of the Senate
(4) Traian Băsescu 1951– 23 May 2007–21 December 2009 Resumed the office of President of Romania after the Referendum
21 December 2009–Present President of Romania for a second term

Timeline


See also

Footnotes and references

  1. ^ Mihail Sadoveanu and Anton Moisescu were Acting Presidents of the Presidium of the Great National Assembly 7–11 January 1958
  2. ^ Ion Gheorghe Maurer, Ştefan Voitec and Avram Bunaciu were Acting Presidents of the State Council 19–24 March 1965
  3. ^ Rulers.org
  4. ^ Rulers.org
Heads of State of Romania
United Principalities of Romania
Domnitor of Romania (1859–1881)
Alexandru Ioan Cuza • Princely Lieutenancy (Lascăr Catargiu, Nicolae Golescu, Nicolae Haralambie) • Carol I
Kingdom of Romania
King of the Romanians (1881–1947)
Carol I • Ferdinand • Michael I (with Prince Nicholas, Miron Cristea, Gheorghe Buzdugan replaced by Constantin Sărăţeanu as regents) • Carol II • Michael I (with Ion Antonescu as Conducător, 1940–1944)
Communist Romania
President of the Presidium of the Republic (1947–1948)
President of the Presidium of the Grand National Assembly (1948–1961)
President of the State Council (1961–1974)
President of the S.R. Romania (1974–1989)
Post-1989 Romania
President of Romania (1989–present)
*denotes interim • Categories: Heads of state of Romania, Presidents of Romania, Romanian monarchs